CHALLENGES FOR UNIVERSITIES TO ONLINE TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR IN UKRAINE

Abstract: The experience of online education in Ukraine during wartime is unique. After the Russian-Ukrainian war beginning, in a month of so-called "holidays", in spring 2022, from April, 1, by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the rectors' orders of universities, online education started. The classes were online, and it was difficult to overcome the war stress, but the experience of the pandemic taught everyone to work with online technologies such as Zoom, Meet, and Google Classroom. Teaching students online was carried out as online as offline with the university platforms like Moodle and others for offline learning, they contained all educational materials from the previous two years of the pandemic, tasks, quizzes, and tests. The purpose of the research is to identify pedagogical, psychological, and technical challenges for teaching university students during the war in Ukraine with the survey method. The survey was conducted online with 65 university lecturers and 122 students from 5 universities in Kharkiv, Ukraine. The pedagogical, psychological, and technical difficulties were analyzed. The questions were aimed at studying such aspects as 1) pedagogical and psychological difficulties: the teachers/students' readiness for online teaching/learning, 2) pedagogical difficulties: the procedures of online teaching/learning and technologies, in particular, methods, forms, means of giving/mastering knowledge, 3) psychological and technical difficulties faced both by teachers and students. The results are as follows. The acquired teaching and learning experience with online technologies helped to establish online education in wartime positively in general. The main pedagogical difficulties were overcome with basic methods (online and offline), teaching forms such as lectures, seminars, and practical classes online, and offline, and, finally, different tools/means/platforms (video/audio recordings, corresponding emails, social networks, Moodle platform, etc.). The psychological state of both teachers and students in the circumstances of online education was also examined. The most common psychological difficulties with online learning were connected with external ones as constant shelling, and air alarms as with internal ones as stress, anxiety, worries, depression, burnout, sadness, and frustration. The technical difficulties were connected to blackouts, lack of Internet connection, power outages, evacuation, changes in living and working conditions, relocations, and the impossibility of using laboratory equipment. The conclusion is despite all online difficulties, the quality of teaching did not change significantly, thanks to the clear understanding that it is a necessity to teach and learn online.


THE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS

Abstract: The article presents the research results of the electronic system for managing university educational programs (EP). The analysis of scientific works showed that higher educational institutions need the introduction of integrated information systems. Such systems are the technical basis of the electronic university and have functionality for managing education and providing communications to university management. An analysis of the main processes of EP management was performed, and interested parties, their roles, and participation in the methods were determined. The proposed mathematical model is the basis of management for introducing the EP, its development, and implementation control based on quality parameters. The software module is a part of the university's management process support system and the JetIQ of Vinnytsia National Technical University's (VNTU's) comprehensive information system. For the analysis of the subject area and the formation of optimal management processes, the methodological recommendations of the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (NAQA), data export and import system for the Unified State Electronic Database on Education Issues, the experience, and recommendations of experts from the department of quality assurance of education of VNTU, experts and guarantors of educational programs were used. Precedent models are formed about such role scenarios – applicant, student, teacher, guarantor, management, expert, stakeholder (employer). Such models made it possible to create not only the software module for the management of educational programs (QEd – Quality Educational) but also to determine the conditions for publication on the main website of VNTU of educational programs and documentation of their development, syllabi on the foremost showcase and jet-sites of the department, to create scenarios for automatic quality control of the EP. The result of the creation of the software module for the management of educational programs is a system of structured information regarding the development and implementation of the educational program, which allows the guarantor and specialists of the department to ensure the quality of education by use special containers for documentation and interested parties to use public up-to-date information on the university's websites.


Container Security in Cloud Environments

Abstract: A bstract: The widespread adoption of containers in modern software applications has introduced new challenges to security and integrity. Containers, known for their lightweight and portable nature, facilitate agile deployment across diverse environments. However, this popularity has led to security risks such as vulnerabilities in container images, misconfigurations, and insecure runtime environments. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing automated and robust security techniques integrated into continuous integration and continuous development pipelines. The work emphasizes the importance of a solid security policy, container image scanning, orchestration security, and runtime monitoring. The study also identifies specific issues faced by the DevSecOps community and proposes initial fixes to fortify container security. In the cloud environment, containers play a pivotal role in application deployment by sharing the same OS kernel, reducing resource requirements, and minimizing start-up times. Despite their advantages, weak container isolation poses security challenges, including privilege escalation and information leaks. To mitigate these concerns, the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of existing access control mechanisms for container security. It discusses challenges in architecture modeling and presents use cases for fulfilling security requirements, encompassing container, inter-container, and host protection. The work emphasizes the need for both software and hardware solutions to enhance container security. Containers have emerged as a lightweight alternative to virtual machines, supporting microservices architecture. The container market is growing rapidly, but security concerns remain a significant barrier to adoption. This paper surveys existing literature on container security, categorizing it into four use cases: protecting containers from internal applications, inter-container protection, safeguarding the host from containers, and defending containers froma malicious or semi-honest host. The analysis reveals that software-based solutions, leveraging Linux kernel features and security modules, address the first three use cases, while the last use case relies on hardware-based solutions. The paper concludes with highlighting open research problems and future directions to guide further exploration in container security.


Qualitative Content Analysis for Critical Thinking and Skill Development: A Case of Chemistry Curriculum

Abstract: In the era of globalization and knowledge, critical thinking development is a necessary skill. The research focuses on analyzing the Chemistry curriculum for grades IX-X to explore its emphasis on fostering critical thinking skills among students being an essential skill for the twenty-first century. It aims to develop problem-solvers, independent thinkers, and decision makers capable of applying their knowledge to real-life challenges. The curriculum advocates for interactive, learner-centered, participative, inquiry-based, practical, problem-solving, and analytical skills. It prioritizes the measurement of students' capacity for critical judgment, focusing on analysis and synthesis. NVivo 12 software was used with a qualitative content analysis approach to analyze the document. The findings of the study revealed a significant focus on the development of critical thinking to make them problem solvers, independent thinkers, and decision-makers to apply to the challenges of real life. As regards the standards and benchmarks, the curriculum is designed accordingly for the promotion of in-depth knowledge and higher-order thinking skills. Furthermore, the curriculum advocates for interactive, learner-centered, participative, inquiry-based, practical, problem-solving, and analytical skills. The assessment guidelines prioritize the measurement of student's capacity for critical judgment, focusing on analysis and synthesis. The study concludes by providing recommendations for teacher training, resource allocation, collaboration among stakeholders, regular curriculum updates, further research, and fostering a culture of critical thinking within educational institutions.


Probabilistic prediction of “irrational” decisions from semantic composition of contexts

Abstract: Difficulties in prognosis of human behavior are due to the complexity of our cognition, routinely breaking the boundaries of classical rationality. The paper solves this problem for the simplest kind of such “irrational” behavior in which a single binary decision is made in three related contexts. Subjective meanings of these contexts relative to the basis decision alternative are represented by three qubit states, borrowed from quantum theory. These states are bound together by linear superpositions, which encode semantic composition of the contexts in the subject’s mind. The resulting theory supplements classical probabilistic model with nonlinear interference factor, accounting for the “irrational”, emotionally-semantic side of intelligence. This model is built for different realizations of two classic experiments used to study behavioral irrationality: the prisoner’s dilemma and the two-stage gambling task. In 24 such realizations, the interference phase is shown to fall in a narrow range of values, encoding regularities of semantic composition of contexts. Extrapolation of this regularity to novel experiments allows using the model in prognostic mode. This possibility is tested on the task of probabilistic prediction of target decision based on the same probability in two other contexts. For the prisoner’s dilemma and the two-stage gambling task the such prognosis has relative errors of 9 and 11% respectively. The proposed approach allows for putting other quantum models of cognition and decision to predictive and interpretable use, whereas its principles also apply to modeling of decisions with larger sets of contexts and behavioral options. By formalizing a novel type of semantic regularities behind “irrational” thinking, models of the present type open prospects for empowering the existing means for socio-economical analytics and prediction.


Directions for modifying the artificial bee colony algorithm to optimize control parameters for complex systems

Abstract: In recent years, bioinspired algorithms based on the use of a population approach and a probabilistic search strategy have become especially popular among researchers involved in multidimensional and multicriteria optimization. Such algorithms are based on the principles of cooperative behavior of a decentralized self-organizing colony of living organisms (bees, ants, birds, etc.) to achieve certain goals (for example, to meet nutritional needs). However, their practical application encounters a number of difficulties leading to a decrease in convergence. This article discusses the possibility of modifying the artificial bee colony algorithm by using a hybridization strategy with various data mining methods. One of these difficulties is the lack of a reasonable approach to determining initial search positions. As a solution, it is proposed to divide the population into clusters, the centers of which will be the initial positions. The need for interaction between individuals makes it advisable to use fuzzy clustering, which allows the formation of intersecting clusters. Another difficulty is associated with the choice of “free” parameters, for which the authors have not developed recommendations for choosing their optimal values. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the idea of coevolution, which consists in the parallel launch of several interacting subpopulations, for each of which different “settings” are applied. The proposed algorithm is applicable to multidimensional optimization tasks, in which it is necessary to find such a combination of different types of elements belonging to some “large” population that will ensure the achievement of the maximum effect under given restrictions. Examples of such tasks are determining the species and quantitative composition of plants to form the terrestrial ecosystem of a carbon farm or mass recruiting, which consists of selecting a large number of personnel for the same positions.


Development of a web-based Multimedia Learning Management System (MlMS) in High School Physics Learning

Abstract:
Purpose: This research aims to investigate: (1) students' needs for a web-based Multimedia Learning Management System (MLMS) in high school physics learning, (2) designing a prototype model for developing a web-based Multimedia Learning Management System (MLMS) in high school physics learning, (3 ) the validity of the web-based Multimedia Learning Management System (MLMS) development model in high school physics learning, (4) measuring the practicality of the web-based Multimedia Learning Management System (MLMS) development model in high school physics learning, and (5) the effectiveness of the Multimedia Learning Management System development model (MLMS) web-based in high school physics learning.
 Research methodology: The research method applied was research and development using the one-group pre-test and post-test design (ADDIE) model. The object of this research was high school students, with samples taken from four schools (three private schools and one state school) in South Tangerang.
 Results: The assessment results for static electricity material at schools I and II were in the medium category, with gain value of 0.64 and 0.63, respectively, while at school III, they were in the high category with a gain value of 0.70. Statistical significance (school I, school II, and school III) in Static Electricity shows t < 0.05, while in dynamic electricity material, schools I and II are in the high category, with the same gain value of 0.7 and a significant level t-test results t < 0.05.
 Implementation: The material expert validation results showed a validity level of 90.91% (very good), whereas the multimedia expert validation results reached 83.75% (very good). Professional physics teachers gave positive responses, with a material and multimedia acceptance rate of 84.82% (very good), whereas student responses reached 79.98% (very good). Effectiveness based on improving student learning outcomes was measured by providing pre-tests, treatments, and post-tests (One Group Pre-test, Post-test Design) using the N-gain value.


PERANAN INTERAKSI EDUKATIF DALAM PROSES BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS X SMKN 2 BONE

Abstract:
This research aims to understand the role of educative interaction in the Indonesian language learning process at SMKN 2 Bone. The research method used in this study is qualitative research. The data obtained and processed are the results of interviews with the Curriculum Vice Principal, Indonesian language teachers, and students of SMKN 2 Bone. Data collection methods used in this research include interviews, observations, and documentation conducted directly at the research site.
 The results of the research conducted by the author show that educative interaction plays a significant role in the Indonesian language learning process. In the educative interaction during the teaching and learning process, teachers play a crucial role as managers and implementers of the teaching-learning interaction. Teachers act as planners, guides, and motivators to facilitate effective interaction in the learning process. Teachers/educators play a role in creating an environment that keeps students focused on receiving lessons. In this context, teachers/educators behave professionally in performing their duties, making every effort to prevent any disturbances that could affect the students' development and never demeaning the dignity of the students. Through educative interaction, teachers/educators can successfully achieve educational goals.


PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN BLENDED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMK NEGERI 2 BONE

Abstract: This research aims to determine the influence of Blended Learning on student self-directed learning in Grade X of SMK Negeri 2 Bone. The research was conducted from July to August 2023. This study is a quantitative descriptive research. The research population consisted of 304 students in Grade X of DKV at SMK Negeri 2 Bone, with a sample of 55 students. Data collection in the research process was carried out using questionnaires and documentation. Based on the research results, it is found that the respondents' perceptions of Blended Learning in relation to student self-directed learning amounted to 75%. This indicates that the respondents' opinions fall within the "agreeable," "good," or "likable" category because 75% falls within the range of 60% - 79.99%. Furthermore, the additional results of the t-test show that the calculated t-value is 0.625, which is smaller than the tabulated t-value of 2.006, and the significance value is 0.535, which is greater than 0.05. This suggests that the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that Blended Learning has a non-significant influence on student self-directed learning.


Development of a Cross-Asset Model for the Maintenance of Road and Water Pipe Assets using AHP Method

Abstract: Roads and water pipe assets undergo various deterioration processes due to the high demand for their services. Maintenance of these assets is often planned as individual assets, and the interdependency among different assets is neglected. An integrated framework for cross-asset maintenance is required for optimum utilization of the available funds for asset maintenance. To date, there are very few studies focusing on the use of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for cross-asset maintenance of roads and water pipe assets. Therefore, this research aims to develop an integrated fund allocation model for the maintenance of road and water pipe assets. A model was developed using AHP analysis based on expert opinions captured through a questionnaire in order to obtain optimum maintenance fund allocation for the cross-assets, roads, and water pipes. Then, a case study corridor segment with the considered cross-assets was selected, and a trade-off analysis was conducted for the intervention alternatives considering different levels of service (LOS) of the asset elements. The results of the trade-off analysis can be used to identify the optimum intervention alternative that satisfies the budget requirement and results in the maximum benefit. Overall, asset managers can use the approach presented in the present study to develop a cross-asset fund allocation model when multiple assets are involved in maintenance. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-01 Full Text: PDF


Modelling of Flood Hazard Early Warning Group Decision Support System

Abstract: Early warning of flood hazards needs to be carried out comprehensively to avoid a higher risk of disaster. Every decision on early warning of a flood hazard is carried out in part by one party, namely the government or water resource managers. This research aims to provide a collaborative decision-making model for early warning of flood hazards through a Group Decision Support System Model (GDSS), especially in Indonesia. The novelty of this research is that the GDSS model involves more than one decision-maker and multi-criteria decision-making for early warning of flood hazards in the downstream Kali Sadar River, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The GDSS model was developed using a hybrid method, namely the Analytical Network Process (ANP) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). There was more than one decision result; voting was carried out using the BORDA method to produce the decision. The test results of GDSS were obtained using a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.8425 and matrix confusion, an accuracy value of 86.7%, a precision value of 86.7%, a recall value of 86.7%, and an f-measure of 86.7%. Based on the test results, good results were obtained from the GDSS model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-018 Full Text: PDF


Anomaly Sewing Pattern Detection for AIoT System using Deep Learning and Decision Tree

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), which combines AI and the Internet of Things (IoT), has recently gained popularity. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success in many applications. Deploying complex AI models on embedded boards, nevertheless, may be challenging due to computational limitations or intelligent model complexity. This paper focuses on an AIoT-based system for smart sewing automation using edge devices. Our technique included developing a detection model and a decision tree for a sufficient testing scenario. YOLOv5 set the stage for our defective sewing stitches detection model, to detect anomalies and classify the sewing patterns. According to the experimental testing, the proposed approach achieved a perfect score with accuracy and F1score of 1.0, False Positive Rate (FPR), False Negative Rate (FNR) of 0, and a speed of 0.07 seconds with file size 2.43MB.


An Improved MAP-Elites Algorithm via Rotational Invariant Operator in Differential Evolution for Continuous Optimization

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new approach that enhances the continuous optimization performance of the MAP-Elites algorithm. The existing self-referencing MAP-Elites algorithm employed the “DE/rand/1/bin” operator from the differential evolution algorithm, which, due to its lack of rotational invariance, led to a degradation in optimization performance when there were high correlations among variables. The proposed algorithm replaces the “DE/rand/1/bin” operator with the “DE/current-to-rand/1” operator. This operator, possessing rotational invariance, ensures robust performance even in cases where there are high correlations among variables. Experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm performs better than the comparison algorithms.


Development of Software Education Program using Self-driving

Abstract: As the importance of software and artificial education is emphasized on the digital transformation era, various educational materials are being developed and distributed. To achieve the purpose of software education, various software education programs suitable for school settings need to be provided. In this paper, we developed a software education program using self-driving that can be applied to secondary school software education and applied it to secondary school students. The developed software education program is a physical computing program consisting of various motion control programs such as object detection, line tracing using various sensors, focusing on experience and practice. As a result of the survey, students' attitudes and career orientation toward software and artificial intelligence, and satisfaction with software education were over 90%, and satisfaction with the proposed program was over 95%.


The Effects of Case-Based Learning using Flipped Learning in Emergency Nursing Classes

Abstract:
Objectives The purposes of this study were to specify variables related to convergence competency, and to analyze the structural relationships among them. The purposes of this study were to specify variables related to convergence competency, and to analyze the structural relationships among them.
 Methods This study was a single-group before and after quasi-experimental study, and a total of 6 sessions were conducted by applying the PATRNER model to operate flipped learning case-based learning for 54 third-year nursing students at J University in J Province. The collection period was It was from September to November 2022, and a pre-survey was conducted during the first class of the second semester and a post-survey after the last session. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient using the SPSS WIN 22.0 program.
 Results This finding indicated that case-based learning to flipped learning in an emergency nursing class, learning immersion, problem-solving skills, and confidence in performing first aid all improved, and there was a significant difference. There was a significant positive correlation between learning immersion and problem-solving ability, and between problem-solving ability and confidence in performing first aid.
 Conclusions After applying flipped learning in the emergency nursing class, case-based learning was effective in improving learning immersion, problem-solving skills, and confidence in performing first aid, so it can be used to develop and operate effective and diverse classes in basic and major nursing courses in the future.


A Study on the Role of Memorial Museums as Forum for Dialogue and Strategies for Building Participatory Public Memory: Focusing on the case of the USHMM

Abstract: This study aims to reexamine the role of memorial museums as forums for dialogue where diverse perspectives converge in the context of a globalized modern society, where conflicting views and beliefs are inevitable, and to explore strategies for civic participation in this context. It investigates the changing role of memorial museums within the context of expanding memory spaces and examines theories related to civic participation. The case of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), one of today's most innovative memorial museums that fosters extensive public engagement, was analyzed from the perspectives of transcultural memory theory and civic participation. Museums are places where public discourse occurs, and memorial museums, in particular, move beyond housing memories of the past to actively creating public memory with citizens. It was found that individual multi-layered and multifaceted memories are not only in competition but can also interact, show solidarity, and create a combined voice. This process of active civic participation does not bury certain memories within universal values but, rather, helps these memories gain sensitivity and contributes to the creation of new global memory landscapes. The methods by which USHMM facilitates civic participation reveal several strategies: 1) the organic arrangement of permanent and special exhibitions for varied narrative variations, 2) ways of connecting with the present, and 3) co-creation through the use of digital technology. These features suggest practical ways in which museums, including today's participatory memorial museums, can engage visitors in exhibitions, education, and social dialogue. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that memorial museums can play a central role in forming new public memories and fostering cultural dialogue through the participation of diverse citizens. This suggests that memorial museums can contribute to promoting understanding and solidarity within communities as more inclusive spaces for social dialogue.


Mediation Effects of Interaction Styles in the Relationships Between Perceived Motivational Climate and Learning Attitude in Physical Education Class of Middle School Students

Abstract:
Objectives The purposes of this study were to the mediation effects of interaction styles in the relationships between perceived motivational climate and learning attitude in physical education class of middle school students.
 Methods The subjects of this study consisted of 323(boys 163, girls 163) middle school students. The data was collected by quota sampling method. The used instrument of this study were the Yoo(1997) for measuring motivation climate scale, the Hwang, Ahan, and Seo(2016) for measuring friend relationship and teacher-students relationship scale, and the Son, Kim, & Lee(2006) for measuring learning attitude scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and a structural equation model as a statistical method.
 Results The results of this study was as follows. First, mastery climate positively influenced to teacher-students relationship and friend relationship, but performance climate positively influenced to friend relationship. Second, both mastery climate and performance climate positively influenced to learning attitude. Third, both teacher-students relationship and friend relationship positively influenced to learning attitude. Forth, there was partially mediates effect between mastery climate and learning attitude as a parameter fo the teacher-students relationship.
 Conclusions The purposes of this study was confirmed that motivation climate had partially mediates effect on learning attitude through the teacher-students relationship.


A Case Study of Implementing Narrative-based Class Activities in Thesis Writing Course

Abstract:
Objectives This study aims to explore ways to apply narrative-based activities to thesis writing course.
 Methods 18 student teacher participants experienced 5 week narrative-based class activities developed in a thesis writing course at a graduation school of education in Korea, and then responded to an open-ended survey.
 Results First, to achieve steps for thesis writing, weekly activities of ‘narrative as a product’ helped increase the participants’ self-awareness, planning-ahead, and writing skills. Second, frequent communication and discussion with peers helped emotionally support participants and expand understanding of their research areas. Furthermore, an instructor’s accurate and prompt feedbacks helped them promote their thesis writing capabilities and soothed their fear of writing.
 Conclusions This study adds value to holistic thesis writing education, indicating that paradigmic thinking and narrative thinking are not isolated or opposite, but rather interrelated and connected to one another. This study contributes to the emergence of narrative-related theory and practice for holistic learning experiences in student teachers’ thesis writing.


Research on Interjections in Korean and Japanese Utilizing Drama: Focusing on Responsive and Non-responsive Expressions

Abstract:
Objectives The purpose of this study is to contrast passive expressions in Korean and Japanese utilizing drama. Since human language use serves as a tool for communication, passive expressions, frequently used in real-life situations, carry significant meaning. Although Korean and Japanese share similarities in vocabulary and syntactic structures, differences arise based on the concept and conditions of passivity. Moreover, Korean passive expressions exhibit a greater variety and lower productivity compared to Japanese, necessitating a systematic comparative study.
 Methods First, analyzing the drama ‘Misaeng,’ consisting of 20 episodes aired on tvN, transcripts of Korean dialogue and Japanese subtitles were compiled. The expressions and frequencies of suffix passive, syntactic passive, and lexical passive were extracted from the Korean dialogue. Second, the expressions and frequencies of passivity were extracted from the Japanese subtitles. Third, corresponding patterns and frequencies of passivity in both languages were determined, compared, and analyzed. Fourth, examples of passive expressions in Korean and Japanese were presented.
 Results Upon analyzing Korean and Japanese passive expressions, results revealed a total of 121 instances of suffix passive, with the ‘-이’ suffix being the most frequently used (56 instances), followed by ‘-리,’ ‘-히-,’ and ‘-기-’ in descending order. Syntactic passive amounted to 25 instances, with ‘-어지다’ occurring 19 times and ‘-게되다’ appearing 6 times. Lexical passive totaled 123 instances, with ‘-되다’ accounting for 83 occurrences, ‘-받다’ for 27, and ‘-당하다’ for 13. When Korean was in the passive form, and Japanese was not, a total of 176 instances were identified. This included 67 cases of suffix passive, 13 of syntactic passive, and 96 of lexical passive. Conversely, when Japanese was in the passive form, and Korean was not, a total of 226 instances were observed. This encompassed 27 instances of suffix passive, 57 of syntactic passive, and 76 of lexical passive. Additionally, there were 66 instances of Japanese passive that did not correspond to Korean passive expressions.
 Conclusions This study systematically examined and compared passive expressions in Korean and Japanese by analyzing subtitles in dramas, specifically focusing on the patterns of corresponding and non-corresponding passivity. The analysis revealed distinct differences rather than commonalities in passive expressions between the two languages, and through various examples, linguistic and cultural disparities were highlighted. The practical investigation of passive expressions in Korean and Japanese serves as foundational material for Japanese learners studying Korean, offering valuable insights into language and cultural differences.


The Effect of HIIT Program on the Prefrontal Executive Function and Stress in Obese Children

Abstract:
Objectives The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of the HIIT program on the prefrontal executive function and stress in obese children and provide base data needed to develop effective exercise program for obese elementary school students.
 Methods In order to accomplish the aim of this research, 24 obese children(BMI: 23kg/m2 or higher) were selected from the 5th~6th graders of J Elementary School at random to 12 members of exercise and control group respectively. HIIT program was performed for 20 minutes, 3 times per week, during 12 weeks. The measured data in this experiment were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program, and the variables were expressed as M±SD and independent t-test was conducted for basic analysis of the general characteristics of the participants and verify the homogeneity between the groups. And 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted to analyze the interaction effects of groups and timing of measurement.
 Results The results obtained by the experiment are as follows. First, sub-variables of prefrontal executive functions. showed statistically significant differences in measurement time and interaction effects. The post measurements of the exercise group increased statistically significant, resulting in measurements between groups after the experiment. Second, stress variable showed statistically significant differences in measurement time and interaction effects, The post-measurements of the exercise group decreased statistically significant, resulting in statistically significant differences when comparing measurements between groups after the experiment.
 Conclusions In conclusion, the 12-week HIIT program had positive effects on obese children in elementary school for improvement of prefrontal executive function and reduction of stress. Therefore, it is considered that HIIT program can be utilized an effective exercise program for obese children in elementary school.


Artificial Interpretation: An Investigation into the Feasibility of Archaeologically Focused Seismic Interpretation via Machine Learning

Abstract: The value of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications for use in heritage research is increasingly appreciated [1]. In specific areas, notably remote sensing, data sets have increased in extent and resolution to the point that manual interpretation is problematic and availability of skilled interpreters to undertake such work is limited. Interpretation of geophysical data sets associated with prehistoric submerged landscapes is particularly challenging. Following the last glacial, sea levels rose 120 metres globally, and vast, habitable landscapes were lost to the sea. These landscapes were inaccessible until extensive remote sensing data sets were provided by the offshore energy sector. In this paper, we provide results of a research programme centred on AI applications using data from the southern North Sea. Here, an area of c.188,000 km2 of habitable terrestrial land was inundated between c. 20,000 BP and 7,0000 BP, along with the cultural heritage it contained [2]. As part of this project, machine learning tools were applied to detect and interpret features of archaeological significance from shallow seismic data. The output provides a proof-of-concept model demonstrating verifiable results and the potential for further, more complex leveraging of AI interpretation for the study of submarine palaeolandscapes. Image: Adobe Firefly Generative AI using keywords - marsh landscape deep underwater, auroch skull half-buried in peat


Latent Profile Analysis of Middle School Students’ Career Maturity and Academic Achievement, and the Effect of Relevant Factors

Abstract:
Objectives The purposes of this study were to classify the latent profiles of Korean middle school students’ career maturity and academic achievement and also to explore the influence of relevant factors on the identified latent profiles.
 Methods For this purpose, 6,618 responses of the fifth band of the elementary 5 panel (9th grade) of Korea Education Longitudinal Study (KELS) were analyzed. The study analyzed the influence of variables such as personal characteristics, family environment, and school experience in predicting the latent profiles of middle school students' career maturity and academic achievement levels.
 Results The latent profiles of South Korean middle school students' career maturity and academic achievement were classified into five categories: lower career-lower academic group, upper group, middle group, lower group, and upper career-lower academic group. The forms of these profiles were found to be distinct. The verification of influencing factors revealed that gender, creativity, self-management, parental support, interaction with parents, attitude towards lessons, teachers' pressure for achievement, teacher relationships, and peer relationships all had significant impacts.
 Conclusions Based on these results, contemplation on the direction of middle school education in South Korea was discussed, along with academic understanding of the relationship between middle school students' career maturity and academic achievement. Additionally, implications for various support measures were also deliberated.


The Interaction Effects of Professional Learning Community and Principal Leadership on Teacher Practices

Abstract:
Objectives This study analyzes the TALIS 2018 data representative of Korean elementary and middle school teachers and analyzes the effect of professional learning communities on teachers' teaching practices and the interaction effect with principal leadership.
 Methods In order to estimate the effect of a professional learning community on teachers' teaching practice, this study used a propensity score matching method and a multilevel model to control self-selection errors that occur when analyzing observational data and to examine the hierarchical nature of the analyzed data. Supplemented.
 Results As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the professional learning community had a significant impact on elementary and middle school teachers' student cognitive activation class practice. In addition, in the case of middle schools, it was found that when the principal provided direct instructional guidance to teachers participating in the professional learning community, the teacher's class practice of activating student cognition increased.
 Conclusions Based on this, this study discusses the need for professional learning community policies to be continuously implemented.


LLM- Based Personalized Recommendations in Health

Abstract: Today, LLMs are not good at personalization providing recommendation. They advise physicians and financial advisors to ask professionals in respective fields for help, even having user information available. Answering questions of software professionals, LLM needs to deliver in-depth answers with codes or algorithms, whereas for professionals in other fields would need definitions and main concepts. The intent of this chapter is to make LLM answer tailored to the needs of users, taking into account available information about them. To do that, we need to generalize available information about a person like her health record, maintaining the privacy of this person. We rely on meta-learning techniques to design a LLM prompt to produce a personalization prompt to obtain a suitable relevant information. Such &ldquo;meta-prompt&rdquo; is produced by generalization operation applied to available documents for the user. These documents need to be de-identified so that they are sufficient for personalization on one hand and will maintain user privacy on the other hand. The second neuro-symbolic technique to support personalization is abductive reasoning, acting in parallel to LLM fine-tuning. Traditional recommendation and personalization techniques as well as modern, deep learning &ndash; based are presented, and the comparison is drawn to the proposed approach. We also share the evaluation and comparative analyses of these approaches. We consider an example for how to build personalization LLM systems coming from Langchain platform. We will explore how to construct chains to form a personalization profile for a user and apply it to user search and recommendation requests.


Development of artificial intelligence education program based on visualizing public data for cultivating knowledge-information processing and creative thinking competencies

Abstract:
Objectives The purposes of this study are to develop an artificial intelligence utilization education program based on visualizing public data and using it for problem solving to cultivate knowledge-information processing and creative thinking competencies for middle school students, and to analyze its effectiveness in cultivating each of these competencies.
 Methods This study was conducted applying PDIE model of which stages contain preparation, development, implementation, and evaluation. and developed an eight-session education program for middle school students to visualize public data to find problems, explore ideas to solve them, and realize their ideas through making model using artificial intelligence. In this study, two classes of third grade middle school students were organized as a single group after convenience sampling to conduct pre- and post-tests. The collected data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests, and after among the open-ended responses, the education program was modified and supplied and supplemented.
 Results As a result of applying the education program of this study to a middle school, a substantial enhancement was found in both knowledge-information processing and creative thinking competencies, and learning satisfaction was at a good level.
 Conclusions It is significant that the artificial intelligence utilization education program based on visualizing public data is closely related to learners' lives, and the program has proven effective in cultivating knowledge-information processing and creative thinking capabilities of middle school students by applying the education program into the technological problem-solving process based on competency of the subject matter of technology.


The Effects of Pre-service Music Teachers’ Background of Traditional Korean Music Knowledge Formation on Korean Traditional Music Class Design

Abstract:
Objectives The purpose of this study was to specify the relationship between variables related to Korean Traditional Music Class Design, such as pre-service teachers’ Background of Traditional Korean Music Knowledge Formation, and their general characteristics of demographic.
 Methods For this purpose, an online survey was conducted on 80 students majoring in music education at graduate schools of education located across the country to measure the general characteristics of the research subjects, the Background of Korean Traditional Music Knowledge Formation and Pedagogical Content Knowledge(PCK) shown in Korean traditional music class design. First, an independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to confirm differences in Pedagogical Content Knowledge according to general characteristics such as gender, marital status, and number of graduate schools attended, etc. Next, the sub-factors of general characteristics that showed significant differences as a result of the independent sample t-test and one-way analysis were set as control variables, and each sub-factors of the background of Korean traditional music knowledge formation(KTM); intra-personal formation background, contextual formation background) was set as an independent variable. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to confirm the influence of variables on the design of Korean traditional music classes.We surveyed 80 graduate students majoring in music education located across the country and measured their general characteristics of demographic, PCK(the teaching content knowledge) that appear in the design of Korean traditional music classes, the Background of Korean Taditional Music Knowledge Formation, Statistical analysis, correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Hierarchical regression analysis were performed.
 Results First, in terms of differences in the level of Korean traditional music class design according to the general characteristics of prospective secondary music teachers, the experience of taking Korean traditional music courses and Korean traditional music training experience, which were mentioned as important in previous studies, did not appear statistically significant. Second, this study examined the effects of pre-secondary music teachers' backgrounds on the design of Korean music lessons and found that among the sub-factors of teaching content knowledge measured through lesson design, the effects of contextual backgrounds on curriculum knowledge and intrapersonal backgrounds on content knowledge were statistically significant.
 Conclusions The results showed that there was a difference in scores among the sub-elements (pedagogical knowledge, curriculum knowledge, and content knowledge) of the Korean traditional music class design designed by prospective secondary music teachers, and it was confirmed through research that the background of Korean traditional music knowledge formation had an influence on the Korean traditional music class design.


A Study on the Exploration of Sociological Approach Strategies for Happiness Education in Social Studies Education

Abstract:
Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the conceptualization of “happiness,” a prominent theme in the “Integrated Society” curriculum revised in 2015, from a sociological perspective within textbooks. The primary objective is to identify how happiness is portrayed and structured in these educational materials and to propose potential enhancements.
 Methods Consequently, the study investigates the manner in which discussions on happiness have been executed and how sociological perspectives have been integrated into these discussions. Adopting a sociological standpoint, happiness is viewed as a multifaceted concept embedded in social context. This research explores how social factors, such as the social structure, value system, economic conditions, and political influences, impact individual happiness. The examination of happiness content involves a segmentation into the meaning and standard of happiness, along with the conditions for a happy life, employing the quality of life model found in the five textbooks associated with the “Integrated Society” curriculum.
 Results The analysis outcomes reveal several key findings. Firstly, within the textbooks, the meaning of happiness is predominantly described in the subjective perspective, while the objective perspective is limited to listing and presenting various indices, failing to provide a balanced presentation of the two perspectives of happiness. Secondly, a distinction is made between textbooks that emphasize the social conditions of happiness and those that do not. Textbooks emphasizing social conditions predominantly focus on the objective aspects of societal conditions. In conclusion, both the meaning of happiness and the conditions for a happy life are predominantly framed in terms of pleasure and life satisfaction. However, the study highlights a deficiency in addressing the social systems that support these aspects.
 Conclusions In light of these findings, the study recommends that textbooks incorporate content that comprehensively explores the intricate relationship between society and individual happiness.


A Study on the Perception of Multimedia Utilization Education in the Reflection Journal of Preliminary Early Childhood Teachers

Abstract:
Objectives In this study, we tried to analyze the perception of multimedia utilization education in reflection journals of preliminary early childhood teachers.
 Methods This study utilized qualitative research methods. Specifically, 63 first-year students at S University, a three-year university located in Gyeonggi-do, were repeatedly read through reflective journals written after taking the ‘Multimedia Utilization Education’ course and field texts written by instructors to find stories that fit the purpose of the study. It was qualitatively analyzed by time, category, and large and small meaning units, and the researcher reorganized it to clearly reveal its meaning.
 Results As a result of the study, the final derived topics are as follows. First, understanding multimedia that feels close and distant. Second, recognizing and developing various aspects. Third, positively promoting work and learning as an early childhood teacher. Fourth, building up an identity as an early childhood teacher. And fifth, taking a step toward better multimedia utilization education.
 Conclusions This study is expected to be used as basic data to provide preliminary early childhood teachers' understanding of multimedia-based education, support directions for the actual educational content composition of the subject, and learner-centered educational guidelines.


A Qualitative Case Study on Teachers' Learning through the Operation of School Environmental Education Projects

Abstract:
Objectives This study aims to explore how teachers perceive the operation of school environmental education projects and identify the meaningful learning experiences they encounter in the process of carrying out environmental education tasks.
 Methods To achieve the research objectives, in-depth interviews and open-ended surveys were conducted with 11 teachers from elementary, middle, high, and special schools who have participated in the Chungcheongbuk-do Office of Education's Green School policy project for over two years and have continuous experience with Green Schools. The collected data were analyzed through qualitative research methods, and the research results were derived through discussions.
 Results Teachers, in the process of carrying out environmental education tasks, strengthened school environmental education on an educational dimension tailored to the specific situation, surpassing visible outcomes and pursuing educationally substantial activities. The efforts made by teachers were found to have an impact on changing their perspectives on the existing environmental education tasks. Through the learning process facilitated by these tasks, teachers recognized the overall necessity of environmental education in schools and, consequently, secured environmental education leadership at the school level.
 Conclusions The operation of school environmental education projects should be a process where teachers actively engage in and prioritize the implementation of substantial activities with an educational focus for better environmental education. Through realizing activities that prioritize educational objectives, teachers can create meaning in the operation of projects at both individual and community levels. This approach allows teachers to secure voluntary motivation for active participation in their roles as practitioners of environmental education.


Inference Acceleration for Large Language Models on CPUs

Abstract: In recent years, large language models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, deploying these models for real-world applications often requires efficient inference solutions to handle the computational demands. In this paper, we explore the utilization of CPUs for accelerating the inference of large language models. Specifically, we introduce a parallelized approach to enhance throughput by 1) Exploiting the parallel processing capabilities of modern CPU architectures, 2) Batching the inference request. Our evaluation shows the accelerated inference engine gives an 18-22x improvement in the generated token per sec. The improvement is more with longer sequence and larger models. In addition to this, we can also run multiple workers in the same machine with NUMA node isolation to further improvement in tokens/s. Table 2, we have received 4x additional improvement with 4 workers. This would also make Gen-AI based products and companies&rsquo; environment friendly, our estimates shows that CPU usage for Inference could reduce the power consumption of LLMs by 48.9% (1252 W for A100 with AMD EPYC 7V13 vs 613 W for Intel&reg; Xeon&reg; Gold 6538N) while providing production ready throughput &amp; latency.


Penerapan Algoritma Dijkstra dan Algoritma Bellman-Ford untuk Menentukan Rute Terpendek

Abstract: Siak Sri Indrapura is a regency located in Riau Province. Siak Regency is expected to become a tourist destination capable of attracting visits from both domestic and foreign tourists. For travelers who are visiting Siak Palace For those experiencing it for the initial time, of course they will have difficulty determining the direction of the road, so tourists use alternative technology such as Google Maps to determine their direction of travel. In Google Maps there are various travel routes, to save time tourists will defi-nitely choose the shortest travel route. To determine the shortest route, of course, re-quires calculations to avoid mistakes. In this research, the shortest route from Pek-anbaru to Siak Palace was carried out using The algorithms of Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford. This algorithm was chosen because it can help calculate the shortest route that tourists can take. It was found that in the last iteration The Dijkstra algorithm and the Bellman-Ford algorithm, both of which travel route from Pekanbaru to Siak Palace was 125.1 km with a node route (Jalan Raya Pekan – Jalan SM Amin – Jalan Raya Panjang Okura – Jalan Perawang Siak – Jalan Buatan – Siak).


A Study of Factors Influencing Successful Entry into the Labor Market for College Graduates

Abstract:
Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the employment outcomes that indicate successful entry into the labor market for college graduates. By doing so, the study aims to derive policy implications for future higher education.
 Methods To achieve this, data from the 5th to 12th surveys of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2005 (KELS 2005) were utilized, tracing the experiences of students from the 1st year of middle school in 2005 until 6 years after university graduation. The Korean Education Longitudinal Study investigates intellectual and moral growth, development, and educational experiences of students from middle school entry through high school graduation, tracking them up to the age of 28, including their initial career acquisition processes, graduate school enrollment, and more. The dependent variable in this study is the employment status of participants collected in the 12th survey. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the independent variables influencing this dependent variable.
 Results The analysis revealed that, except for gender, personal characteristics of students had no significant impact on employment prospects. Factors such as passion for education, academic achievement in the middle school stage, type of university attended, metropolitan area university enrollment, major GPA, and collaborative skills were identified as positively influencing the likelihood of employment.
 Conclusions The findings of this study highlight that the desire for education and academic achievement during the middle school stage, as well as the type of university attended, metropolitan area university enrollment, major GPA, and collaborative skills during the higher education stage, contribute to the increased likelihood of successful entry into the labor market for the young population who have completed higher education.


A Study on the Humanities of Coexistence by Sharing Cultural Knowledge in the Multicultural Era-Focusing on the Korean and Vietnamese Agijangsu tales from the perspective of Confucius" Forgiveness

Abstract: 본 연구는 현대 한국 사회의 다문화 현상을 탐구하기 위해 공자의 "서(恕)" 사상을 활용해 다문화 사회의 공존 가능성을 모색하고자 했다. 본 연구는 한국과 베트남의 "아기장수" 설화를 중심으로 다문화 사회의 문제 인식, 교육 현황, 사회 진출 및 미래 과제를 살펴보고자 했다. 특히, 다문화 교육의 현황과 필요성을 강조하며, 다양한 문화가 공존하는 사회에서 상호 이해와 화합을 위한 문화적 소통의 중요성을 살피고자 했다. 한국의 "아기장수" 설화와 베트남의 "부동천왕" 설화는 다문화의 통합과 소통, 그리고 개인의 정체성 형성에 있어 중요한 은유적 도구로 활용될 수 있다. 한국의 〈아기장수〉 설화는 다문화의 상징적 이야기로 비주류와 주류 사이의 상징적 대립을 통해 현대 사회의 다문화 문제를 반추하게 한다. 반면, 베트남의 설화는 다문화 인물들이 사회에 성공적으로 안착하는 과정과 원할한 사회적 적응 과정을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구는 공자의 "서" 사상을 바탕으로 다문화 사회의 화합과 공존을 위한 새로운 인문정신의 자세를 살펴보았다. "서(恕)"는 자신이 원하지 않는 것을 남에게도 시키지 말라는 원칙으로, 이는 다문화 사회에서 서로 다른 문화적 배경과 가치를 존중하고 이해하는 데 있어 중요한 핵심 개념으로 다룰 수 있다. 또한, 공자의 "군자불기(君子不器)" 개념을 통해 다문화 2세들에 대한 사회의 포용적 자세와 전략을 모색하는 사회의 통합적 발전 방향을 제안하였다. 본 논문은 다문화 사회에서의 공존과 통합을 위한 인문학적 접근을 제시하고자 했으며, 다문화 사회의 현실과 미래를 심도 있게 분석하였다. 또한, 다문화 사회의 이해와 공존을 위한 인문 정신과 교육의 중요성을 강조하였으며 다문화 사회의 지속 가능한 발전을 위한 실천적 방안을 모색하고자 했다. 본 연구를 통해 현대 사회의 다문화 현상에 대한 깊이 있는 이해를 바탕으로 다양한 문화가 조화롭게 공존하는 미래 사회를 위한 중요한 기초를 마련하고자 했다. This study utilized Confucius"s idea of the Book of Wisdom to explore the possibility of coexistence in a multicultural society in order to explore the multicultural phenomenon in contemporary Korean society. Focusing on the Korean and Vietnamese Agijangsu tales, this study examined the problem perception, education status, entry into society, and future challenges in a multicultural society. In particular, the study emphasized the current status and need for multicultural education and the importance of cultural communication for mutual understanding and harmony in a society where diverse cultures coexist. The Korean tale of "Agijangsu" and the Vietnamese tale of "Budongchunwang" can be used as important metaphorical tools for multicultural integration, communication, and personal identity formation. The Korean tale of "Agijangsu" is a symbolic tale of multiculturalism and reflects on multicultural issues in modern society through the symbolic confrontation between the non-mainstream and the mainstream. The Vietnamese tale, on the other hand, shows the successful integration of multicultural characters into society and their social adaptation process. Based on Confucius" idea of Forgiveness, this study examines the attitude of a new humanistic spirit for harmony and coexistence in a multicultural society. Forgiveness is the principle of not doing to others what one does not want to do to oneself, which can be treated as a key concept for respecting and understanding different cultural backgrounds and values in a multicultural society. In addition, through Confucius" concept of "the cultured man is not a tool(君子不器)", this paper proposes a direction for the inclusive development of society that seeks an inclusive attitude and strategy toward the multicultural second generation. This paper aimed to present a humanistic approach to coexistence and integration in a multicultural society, and analyzed the reality and future of a multicultural society in depth. It also emphasized the importance of humanistic spirit and education for understanding and coexistence in a multicultural society, and sought practical measures for the sustainable development of a multicultural society. Through this study, we aimed to lay an important foundation for a future society in which various cultures coexist harmoniously based on an in-depth understanding of the multicultural phenomenon in modern society.


A Study on the Faculty Perceptions of the ChatGPT Use in Higher Education: The Case of K University

Abstract:
Objectives The purpose of this study is to present the direction of ChatGPT introduction and teaching and learning plans of universities by analyzing how ChatGPT perception and use behavior differ according to the characteristics of the faculty group in general situations and teaching and learning.
 Methods For this purpose, 341 faculty at K University were analyzed for their general perception of ChatGPT and perception of educational use according to their major field, digital literacy competency, and experience.
 Results First, in general, faculty' experience in using ChatGPT is high, and they use it for daily purposes such as searching for information and curiosity, and less for teaching. The reason why chat was not used was because they did not know how to use it and did not feel the need for it. Second, in terms of teaching and learning applications, the translation and summarization function was viewed most positively, and the spread of disinformation was viewed most negatively. ChatGPT utilization capabilities were high in the order of media exploration, research utilization, instructional design, and instructional application. Third, in the field of university support, ethics education for AI use and ChatGPT case sharing were the most important.
 Conclusions In order to raise faculty' perception of ChatGPT and spread the right culture, it is necessary to establish an ethical foundation at the university, support digital education, and develop and present new technology convergence classes.


Analyzing GDP Growth Drivers in Saudi Arabia: Investment or Consumption: An Evidence-Based ARDL Bound Test Approach

Abstract: This study delves into the intricate interplay of economic growth components, specifically focusing on Consumption and investment in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2022. Employing vector error correction models and cointegration techniques, we analyze the short- and long-term dynamics within the relationship of Consumption, investment, and economic growth. Granger causality analysis is also used to discern these pivotal variables' causal connections. Our empirical analysis reveals a persistent long-term cointegration relationship among the variables, underscoring the enduring nature of their interdependency. Furthermore, our findings highlight Consumption and investment's statistically significant positive impact on economic growth. Notably, the short-term analysis unveils a stable model characterized by an annual adjustment to equilibrium of 100%.Moreover, the Granger causality study demonstrates unidirectional causal linkages between Consumption, investment, and economic growth. These findings hold substantial implications for policy formulation in Saudi Arabia. Policymakers must grasp the ramifications of burgeoning prosperity and evolving private consumption patterns on future environmental outcomes. Achieving sustainable long-term results necessitates equal emphasis on bolstering private Consumption and fostering other facets of economic growth.


Early childhood development after COVID-19 through Kindergarten teachers' perceptions in Gangwon State

Abstract:
Objectives This study investigated the status of early childhood development after COVID-19 based on teacher perception.
 Methods To this end, 173 public and private Gindergarten teachers located in G-do were surveyed, and the collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis, multiple response analysis, independent sample T-test, variance analysis, and mean difference test using SPSS 21.0.
 Results 81% of public and private Kindergarten teachers working in G Province recognized that COVID-19 had a significant impact on early childhood development, and the main factors affecting early childhood development were “wearing masks” and “social distancing.” Specifically, mask-wearing has caused direct difficulties in communication, social distancing, non-face-to-face distance learning, and the reduction in the number of Kindergarten attendance days. As a result, among the five Kindergarten curriculum areas, the areas that were most affected can be seen as the ‘communication domain’ and the ‘social relations domain’.
 Conclusions The measures to support early childhood development suggested by this study include the operation of various programs in each area, strengthening early childhood-connected integrated education, and administrative support in terms of personnel, budget, and structure. In addition, it was suggested that longitudinal studies for preemptive and preventive policy support, community cultural studies to strengthen communication and cooperation among early childhood education officials, and basic research to secure policy independence of early childhood education institutions need to be activated.


A Study on Reading Activities for Genre Identification in French Online Newspaper Articles by Korean University Learners Majoring in French: Focusing on Discourse Competence

Abstract:
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the communicative competence and reading strategies employed by Korean university learners majoring in French in actual reading activities, with the overarching goal of enhancing communicative competence through reading education.
 Methods To achieve this, the study focused on reading activities related to genre identification in French online newspaper articles. Ten Korean university students majoring in French and six native speakers participated in the reading experiment. The study utilized an eye-tracker and specifically analyzed fixation times (gaze duration, re-reading, and total reading time) required when reading words of the section and words indicating publication dates, based on information obtained from interviews.
 Results Participants, driven by the reading goal of genre identification, selectively identified and integrated spatially dispersed words and phrases in the text, understanding the genre through their different interactions. Fixation times required to read words of the section and words indicating publication dates revealed differences between native speakers and Korean participants. In the case of native readers, who were considered experienced readers, fixation times were longer for words of the section, regardless of syllabic length, referential competence, or reading path. On the other hand, for Korean participants who were considered inexperienced readers in French reading, fixation times were influenced by syllabic length, comprehension, and reading path.
 Conclusions The study highlighted that participants utilized communicative competence and selection strategies in reading activities aimed at genre identification. However, differences in reading aspects between the two groups indicated a particular deficiency in discourse competence among Korean participants in terms of communicative competence. In response, a pedagogical strategy that combines the teaching method ‘global approach to written texts' and Findlay and Walker's theory, an eye movement control model, was proposed. The research confirmed that understanding reading activity aspects is a meaningful approach to examining the (foreign language) communicative competence used by learners. It also emphasized the need for active reading that goes beyond relying solely on text, considering the characteristics of (non)linguistic elements provided by the text.


Elementary school teachers’ perception of digital literacy education: Based on analysis of digital literacy teaching and learning materials shared on ‘Indischool’

Abstract:
Objectives This study focuses on examining the perception of digital literacy education by analyzing teaching and learning materials related to digital literacy education produced and shared by elementary school teachers.
 Methods To this end, we analyzed teaching and learning materials related to digital literacy shared through ‘Indie School’, a representative communication platform for elementary school teachers, and through this, we investigated when, what content, and why they are providing digital literacy education.
 Results First, teachers were mainly conducting digital literacy education using creative experiential activity time for upper grades, and the amount of teaching and learning materials showed a rapid increase starting in 2020. This can be said to show that teachers' interest in digital literacy education has increased rapidly since COVID-19, and that they recognize that upper grades are appropriate targets for digital literacy education. Second, it was confirmed that the learning content covered in the teaching and learning materials was concentrated on some content elements of digital literacy, and that some materials were not well differentiated from content elements of related concepts such as news literacy, media literacy, and digital citizenship. This suggests that teachers need a more specialized understanding of digital literacy concepts and characteristics. Third, teachers' digital literacy education objectives were broadly categorized into supporting digital literacy learning activities presented in textbooks, learners' low digital literacy levels, and preventing and resolving problems that appear in digital spaces.
 Conclusions Based on these results, this study focused on the need for teachers to have a more professional understanding of the concept of digital literacy, the need for support in various aspects to develop teaching and learning materials related to digital literacy, the need for development and distribution of teaching and learning materials for evaluation purposes and the need for research into appropriate teaching and learning methods.


Chinese primary art education and traditional art culture: focusing on the content analysis of art textbooks

Abstract: In order to explore the teaching content of traditional art and culture in Chinese elementary art education, this research investigated the contents of 12 elementary school 『Fine Art』 textbooks from “People's Education Publishing House(人民敎育出版社).” The educational objectives of traditional art and culture presented in the art curriculum were aimed at promoting Chinese ethnic pride based on the love of excellent ethnic cultural heritage. Based on this, the results of the analysis of the art textbooks are as follows. Firstly, the total number of learning units in the 12 art textbooks is 230 units, and the total number of illustrations presented is 520. Among them, the number of artworks related to Chinese culture is 401, that is 77.1% of the total. And in terms of chronological classification, a significant number of 120 artworks was related to traditional Chinese art and culture before modern times, that is 29.7% of total. Secondly, as for the works related to traditional art and culture, 57.5% of the 120 works was included in the ‘appreciation and criticism’ learning area. Thirdly, the artistic fields to which the works belong to were quite diverse, starting with hieroglyphics, and including ceramics, sculpture, bronze, painting, crafts, architecture, gumbo, theatre, stamps, maps, and musical instruments. Fourthly, the main educational content through the works of each period is as follows: in the case of the Neolithic and Advanced Periods, the background and transformation process of the emergence of ceramic and bronze arts and the sculptural features and values of individual works were mentioned; Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in the case of the Qin(秦) Dynasty, the paintings and Buddha sculptures of the Donhuangseokgul in the Tang(唐) Dynasty, the ink-colored portraits of the Song(宋) Dynasty, the architectural arts of the 'Peking Palace' in the Ming(明) Dynasty, and the works related to ceramics and ink and light-colored painting in the Qing(淸) Dynasty, the meaning and value in terms of art history and sculpture were covered. Especially in the works of the Ming Dynasty, we can see that aesthetic issues were also mentioned.


Effects of English revision activities using machine translators

Abstract: Objectives In order to explore the effective use of machine translator in the English writing class, this study explores the effectiveness of using machine translators by comparing the writing results of peer-editing activities and self-editing activities using translators and examining the responses of learners who participated in these activiti Methods 19 students in a university in Seoul wrote a short passage in English, received peer feedback, and revised the writing. The same first draft was revised using a machine translator, Papago. The two types of revised texts by 16 students were evaluated with Grammarly, an automatic English writing evaluation system. Two mean scores were compared to find out a significant different by conducting t-test. Additionally, t-test was conducted on the mean scores of sentence length and lexical density of the two texts obtained through the language profile site. Finally, the survey was conducted to determine students' satisfaction and attitude towards revision activities using the translato Conclusions Machine translator assisted revision should be integrated with peer revision or teacher support to supplement the limit of only using translator to revise a text. Instead of pushing the translator out of the realm of English education, we should actively seek ways to utilize the translator in the English education process and consider what functions of the translator should be incorporated into the entire teaching and learning process. The study was conducted to the limited numbers of participants and provices without considering participants’ English language skill. For future study this study should be expanded to include more numbers of students and to considers students’ language lev


A Study on Teaching Methods for High School Music Criticism: Focused on Criticism of Musical Works

Abstract:
Objectives The purpose of this paper is to provide teaching methods for guiding music criticism in Music Appreciation and Criticism, one of the High School Music Career-related Subjects.
 Methods The authors have reconstructed Stolnitz's art criticism and presented three musical criticisms, contextual criticism, intrinsic criticism, and impressionist criticism; we have applied Feldman's four critical stages, description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation to the three types of musical criticism. We have also presented a model of what should be included in each stage so that students can actually write criticism of musical works.
 Results In the first stage, explanation, students can obtain some information on the composer's biography and background of the work from textbooks and introductory books, and describe musical surface such as tonality, beat, rhythm, etc. When guiding students on the second stage, analysis, let them identify the components of the music and the characteristics of the piece. In the next stage, interpretation, students are asked to find musical meaning based on the analysis, describe the work in a social or historical context, or contextually reveal their subjective feelings about the work. In the final stage, evaluation, the teacher makes students judge the meaning and value of the piece.
 Conclusions This study is significant in that it systematizes and presents a framework for writing in high school music criticism classes. Through this study, we hope that discussions on music criticism will be actively conducted and contribute to school music education.


Effects of STEAM-based cooking activities on children’s social skills and scientific problem-solving skills

Abstract:
Objectives This study aimed to reveal the effects of STEAM-based cooking activities on young children's social skills and scientific problem-solving skills.
 Methods This study conducted STEAM-based cooking activities developed for this study through single-group experimental treatment and pre- and post-tests on 20 5-year-old children attending M early childhood education institution located in G Metropolitan City on April 10, 2023. It was conducted a total of 21 times, approximately 40 minutes each time, 3 times a week for a total of 9 weeks from January 1st to June 9, 2023. In order to examine the effectiveness of the developed STEAM-based cooking activity, data were collected on the social abilities and scientific problem-solving skills of participating children through pre- and post-tests before and after participating in the STEAM-based cooking activity. The collected data were compared to the paired sample t- Verification was conducted and the effect was analyzed.
 Results First, STEAM-based cooking activities showed statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-scores of children's overall social skills and sub-elements. Second, STEAM-based cooking activities showed statistically significant differences in pre- and post-scores of children's scientific problem-solving skills.
 Conclusions The significance of the study is that it predicts the development direction, application, and effectiveness of STEAM educational activities for young children and can be used as basic data for the development of various educational activities.


C-PBL Driven Architectural Design Education - Creating Social Values through Self-Directed Learning -

Abstract: Solving multidisciplinary problems is one of the core capabilities required in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Contemporary society also requires such talent with skills. For this reason, many fields of education have tried applying Problem-Based Learning. However, architectural design education still remains in the traditional approach, which focuses on the physical environment itself rather than design problems that may arise due to other factors such as social changes, technological developments, and climate issues. This paper discusses the potential of the Industry-Coupled Problem-Based Learning (IC-PBL) developed by Hanyang University, South Korea, particularly from an architectural design education perspective. For this, the paper first introduces the architectural design class adapting the IC-PBL program in terms of class development and problem identification. It then evaluates the performance of the class according to the project outcomes, focusing on self-directed learning skills and social values. From the class assessment, this paper identifies the potential benefits of architectural design education applied to the IC-PBL, focusing on students' perspectives engaging with social issues. Consequently, this study provides insights into considerations for future curricula for architectural design education to ensure that students meet the requirement of modern society: problem-solving skills. These insights will be beneficial to both learners and educators in the architectural design education area.


A Case Study for Teaching Children's Theatre Appreciation

Abstract:
Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine some cases of Teaching Children's Theatre Appreciation designed in consideration of objects and before/after performances in order to enrich the experience of watching a children's theater.
 Methods To this end, prior research related to performance appreciation was reviewed, and the appreciation education program actually designed and applied by the Korean children's theater company was investigated and analyzed. The cases of the theater company ‘Olive and Jin Kong’, the theater company ‘Dandelion’, the theater company ‘Story Bucket’, and the theater company ‘Good Neighbors’ were targeted, and the research was designed and analyzed from March to December 2023 to write a paper.
 Results According to a survey of cases of designing performance viewing methods, the children's theater company was developing various programs that children can do before, during, and after the performance when designing appreciation activities to construct subjective meanings and aim for objective evaluation. The types of methods of appreciation before the performance included the art play workbook of the performance of the theater company “Olive and Jin Kong”, “Me, the Monster, and the Bag”. The types of methods of appreciation during the performance included Good Neighbors' puppet show to prevent sexual violence, and a character in the puppet show appeared in the middle of the performance to communicate with the audience. As for the type of appreciation method after the performance, the creative theater company “Story Bucket” distributed subdivided activity sheets based on the audience's age and guided children to do various activities after the performance, or the notable case was that children selected from among physical activities, art activities, and discussion activities after watching the performance at the theater company “Dandelion”.
 Conclusions Based on various programs developed by these cases, Children's theater companies should discuss and develop more ways to watch performances in the future to enrich the way to watch children's plays.


Opportunities and Challenges in Digital Transformation of Education

Abstract: The World is facing a fast and radical change due to the expedited development of digital technologies. Advances in digital technology are constantly driving the digital transformation of society as a whole. The concept of “digital transformation” first emerged in 1968 and became distinctive in the research literature after the year of 2014 (Reis et al, 2018). In its broad sense, digital transformation refers to the process that new digital technologies are integrated into all sectors of human activity, fundamentally changing all aspects of human life. This leads to a world that is increasingly experienced with, through, and by information technology (Stolterman & Fors, 2004).


Notice of completion and acceptance of the Ministry of Education’s supply-demand matching employment education project

Abstract: In order to further improve the whole process management and result assessment of the supply-demand matching employment education project, the National College Graduates Employment and Entrepreneurship Steering Committee (hereinafter referred to as the National Steering Committee) decided to organize the first and second phases of the supply-demand matching employment education project Final acceptance work. See document notification for details. Before March 31, 2024, the person in charge of the project university shall submit the final materials to the enterprise. Before April 15, 2024, the project company will complete the project acceptance and submission, and send relevant materials: pdf version of the completion report, Attachment 2, and Attachment 3 (if any) to the email address of the relevant industry committee.


AI Model Stability in Industrial IoT Intrusion Detection: Leveraging the Characteristics Stability Index

Abstract: In Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) environments, the reliability and adaptability of machine learning models are crucial for accurate decision-making. This paper introduces the Characteristic Stability Index (CSI) to monitor and ensure the stability of models in the context of heterogeneous IIoT sensor data. The CSI quantifies the variations in feature importance rankings, enabling the early detection of data drift and shifts. The experimentation results validate the performance of the decision tree algorithm to provide actionable insights, facilitating domain experts' adaptability and enhancing decision-making while minimizing operational risks and costs in the choice of intrusion detection systems model.


Kinerja Pelayanan Dinas Perpustakaan Dan Kearsipan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how the process of managing parking retributions in Makassar City, what are the obstacles experienced in its management so far, the mechanism of collection, deposit until it arrives at the acceptance process into PAD which leads to / is beneficial for the development of Makassar City. In the field of library and information services, the library provides library services in various fields of science such as social sciences, humanities, science and technology and many others. One of the areas of circulation that provides information services to the public, libraries are the places most visited by people who want to get information. In this way, service officers at this library are required to improve their performance in order to provide good quality service to the community. However, in reality the existing service structure at the South Sulawesi Province Library and Archives Service is not yet fully in line with what the community expects. Library development and empowerment has not been optimal and library services are also not satisfactory. The existing phenomenon is that the performance of employees and contract workers in providing services is not fully in line with what users and the public expect, so the quality of library services still needs to be improved. This research was conducted to determine the performance of library services at the South Sulawesi Province Library and Archives Service.


WORM-VIRUS DETECTION METHOD ACCORDING TO MULTI-CLASS CLASSIFICATION

Abstract: The work presents the results of research on worm viruses and methods of their detection. Malware distribution happens all the time. The analyzed modern tools and systems for prevention, detection and countermeasures against malicious software and computer attacks are quite effective, provide a high percentage of detection and function at an adequate level. But criminals constantly study the capabilities of such tools and systems, improve malicious software and computer attacks, and achieve certain results. Therefore, developers of tools and systems for prevention, detection and countermeasures against malicious software and computer attacks must constantly improve them. The protection of corporate networks is relevant. They can be effectively configured to increase computing resources when solving the tasks of warning, detecting and countering malicious software and computer attacks to protect corporate networks. Therefore, the article defines as an urgent scientific task - the development of methods to improve the efficiency of the functioning of distributed systems with partial centralization for detection of malicious software and computer attacks in computer networks and detection of malicious software with their use due to the synthesis of their architecture in such a way that the principles of functioning of such systems make it difficult for criminals to understand them. The work considers a set of worm viruses, which covers network features as much as possible. Therefore, to study the effectiveness of methods of creating distributed systems and the systems themselves based on them, worm viruses were considered. The purpose of the work is to develop a method for detecting worm viruses in corporate networks. The work developed a method of detecting worm viruses using their division into classes based on common features and defined criteria according to the classification of objects according to many classes and taking into account its implementation in the architecture of partially centralized distributed systems to obtain a complete sensor and make a decision regarding the classification of worms virus to a certain class. This improved the reliability of detection by 8-11% compared to using the method without directly involving the elements and components of the system. As a result of setting up experiments and conducting them, results were obtained that confirm the correct functioning of a partially centralized distributed system for the detection of worm viruses.


GAZE DIRECTION MONITORING MODEL IN COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

Abstract: This paper focuses on the research and application of eye movement and gaze direction analysis in online testing systems. The practical novelty of the proposed model of monitoring the direction of gaze in a computer-based knowledge control system lies in the possibility of automated remote control over a large audience of students. The practical significance lies in creating the same conditions for computer testing for all students and increasing the correspondence of knowledge level to the received test results. The implemented and tested system is relevant and necessary in higher educational institutions, particularly in Ukraine, where remote education has emerged as the safest means of acquiring knowledge. This is especially true for fields of study where practical tasks and laboratory work do not necessitate a student's physical presence at the institution. That is why the application of the latest information technologies is extremely important. The dynamic authentication based on the sequence of eye movements proposed in the model allows error-free user's eye area detection for further analysis of the test subject's behavior. The proposed authentication method excludes the need to enter passwords or CAPTCHAs, ensures the speed of determining the user's presence. Further analysis of the user's direction of vision includes responding to the information received, such as skipping a question or the need for re-authorization. Question skipping occurs when the system decides that the user has not been looking at the screen for an extended period (looking sideways, down, up for more than 30 seconds). Re-authentication becomes necessary if the user exits the test or if there is a user replacement. Real-time gaze control capability is implemented by using massive parallel processing system (NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 graphics card) for calculations. The analysis of the results obtained shows that the proposed approach allows gaze detection at different illumination ranges (from 0.3 lux to 10,000 lux), as well as to detect states of the user's eyes that violating test rules for further system response (skipping a question or re-authentication request).


Accounting for digital currencies: A review of challenges and standardization efforts

Abstract: In the wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the ascent of digital currencies heralds a transformative era in the global financial landscape, challenging traditional paradigms of currency, commerce, and regulation. This study delves into the emergence, integration, and implications of digital currencies within the global economy, with a particular focus on the accounting and regulatory challenges they pose. Through a meticulous examination of global adoption trends, technological advancements, and the historical evolution of digital currencies, this paper aims to dissect the multifaceted impact of these novel financial instruments on financial reporting, transparency, and regulatory frameworks. Employing a qualitative literature review strategy alongside thematic analysis, the study identifies key challenges in volatility, valuation, transaction anonymity, and the pressing need for standardized accounting practices to enhance comparability and transparency in financial reporting. The investigation extends to the scrutiny of current accounting standards, regulatory responses, and the concerted efforts towards standardization and best practices in digital currency accounting. The findings underscore a critical juncture for practitioners and regulators alike, navigating the intricate accounting landscape shaped by digital currencies. The study culminates in advocating for adaptive regulatory frameworks and standardized accounting practices, emphasizing the necessity of international collaboration and continuous research to harness the potential of digital currencies while safeguarding financial stability and integrity. Recommendations for future research and policy development are proposed to address the evolving dynamics of digital currencies, aiming to support innovation, ensure financial transparency, and maintain regulatory efficacy in the digital age.


Navigating the nexus of security and privacy in modern financial technologies

Abstract: As the financial service sector rapidly evolves with the integration of cutting-edge technologies, the intersection of security and privacy becomes paramount. This paper delves into the intricate landscape of security and privacy issues within the financial service sector, offering a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities presented by emerging technologies. From blockchain to artificial intelligence, the paper explores the vulnerabilities inherent in these innovations and the consequential threats to sensitive financial data. Through an examination of recent case studies, regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements, this work aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving threat landscape. Additionally, the paper proposes strategic solutions and best practices to fortify the security and privacy architecture surrounding financial technologies, fostering a resilient and trustworthy ecosystem. This research contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding the imperative of safeguarding financial systems, ensuring that innovation aligns seamlessly with the imperatives of confidentiality, integrity, and availability in an era where financial services and technological advancements are inextricably linked.


Advancing Digital Transformation in Chinese Education: A Comprehensive Analysis of Current Trends, Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategic Imperatives

Abstract: This study assesses the progress and identifies the pivotal advancements in China's digital education, including infrastructure improvements, the growth of online learning platforms, policy support, and technological innovations. It underscores digital education's significance in promoting educational equality, updating teaching methods, raising educational standards, expanding resources, and encouraging lifelong learning. Nevertheless, digital education's expansion encounters significant challenges: the digital divide, educators' insufficient digital skills, inconsistent quality of educational content, difficulties in developing students' self-learning skills, and concerns over data security and privacy. To address these issues, the study outlines strategic directions specific to China's educational context: enhancing infrastructure and technology access, increasing digital literacy among teachers and students, supporting personalized and adaptive learning approaches, improving digital resources and evaluation methods, integrating online and offline learning experiences, and expanding international cooperation. These strategies are designed to address existing challenges and stimulate ongoing innovation and improvement in China's digital education sector.


Optimizing Recommender Model: Integrating Knowledge Graph Information Fusion and Attention Mechanism

Abstract: Abstract Graphs are versatile for capturing relationships between objects, as seen in social networks, enabling the implementation of algorithms like community discovery and clustering. The growing interest in deep learning within the graph domain has led to the development of various graph neural network algorithms in recent years. These algorithms offer an effective solution to address graph learning challenges by incorporating graph operations into traditional deep learning models and leveraging both graph structure and attribute information to handle the intricacies of graph data. Graph neural network algorithms represent an extension of traditional deep learning methods, like convolution, into the realm of graph data. These algorithms incorporate the concept of data propagation to formulate deep learning approaches specifically designed for graphs. Notably, they have demonstrated success in diverse domains such as social networks, recommendation systems, knowledge graphs, and others. In addressing the aforementioned challenges, this paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a graph neural network. To overcome the lack of temporal information in the recommendation network's neighbor structure, an ordered input-based gated cyclic unit is incorporated for state aggregation and updating. The model leverages the unit's capacity for capturing contextual relationships, thereby enhancing its ability to capture temporal features in the neighbor structure and improve predictions on new datasets. Additionally, the paper places emphasis on the shallow output of the intermediate layer. A multi-headed attention mechanism is employed to integrate information from multiple layers of output, ensuring that the shallow structural features provided by the intermediate layer play a more significant role in the scoring prediction task. This enhancement further refines the application of graph neural networks in recommendation systems.